The shocking discovery that our gut microbiome drives ageing

As human beings, we are all keepers of a vast menagerie. Every surface of our bodies, inside and out, is teeming with microorganisms. We have microbiomes on our skin, in our mouths and other orifices and – especially – in our intestines.

In recent years, we have grown accustomed to thinking of these internal residents as benign, even essential to our health. Our guts are said to be full of “friendly” bacteria and other microorganisms that do us favours in return for us giving them a cosy home. That is true to some extent, but new research on the role of the gut microbiome in ageing is pointing to what would constitute a profound rethink of this relationship.

In this emerging view, our gut microbes aren’t our friends, but an enemy at the gates. Far from being mutually beneficial, our relationship with them is more like a war of attrition – a war we eventually lose. However, there are ways to postpone the inevitable.

The gut microbiome is a community of perhaps 100 trillion microorganisms – bacteria, archaea, fungi and viruses – that dwell inside our intestinal tract, most abundantly in the colon. It is established early and stays with us throughout our lives, though it is in constant flux. “It’s a very complex, very dynamic community that depends on what we eat, who we interact with,” says Dario Valenzano at the Leibniz Institute on Aging – Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI) in Jena, Germany.

The ageing microbiome

It also changes as we age. For most of our lives, the composition…